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These are some of the literally hundreds of deities whose worship included both Celtic and Roman elements. Much of this information comes from the sources listed in the bibliography for this site, and we acknowledge our deep debt to the work of these authors and scholars.
Asterisks (**) indicate deities about whom a little more is known, or who seem to us to have special relevance for a modern Pagan path.
- ABANDINUS-
- (Maband?) From Celto-Roman temple in Godmanchester, England.
Three temples near the river Alban. Water tank and well nearby, possibly a water
deity.
- ABILUS-
- Worshipped at Ar-nay-de-luc (in the cote-d'Or) in France. Associated with
the Celtic goddess Damona.
- ABNOBA-
- Celtic goddess of hunting and forest, worshipped in the Black forest.
Probably also a fertility and mother goddess. Equated with Diana as Diana Abnoba.
- AERICURA-
- (Herecura) Celto-Germanic mother/underworld goddess, consort of Dis
Pater. Protector of humans in the afterlife. A male equivalent, Aericurus, was
found in Northumberland England.
- ALAISIAGAE -
- Celto-German goddesses who were linked with MARS in dedications
at Hadrian's wall. Thought to be war goddesses, possibly Valkyries.
- ALATOR-
- see Mars Alator.
- ALAVINA-
- Celtic mother goddess from inscription in Manderscheid Germany.
- ALBIORIX-
- see Mars Albiorix.
- ALISANOS-
- Celtic god worshipped as the spirit of the rock. Earth deity?
- ANCOMNA-
- mother/healing goddess of the Treveri, consort of Mars Lenus or Mars
Smertius.
- ANCASTA-
- Celtic mother goddess from Bitterne, Hampshire, England.
- **ANDARTE-
- Mother goddess worshipped by the Voconti in Gaul. Known as Dea
Augusta Andarta, possibly equated with Magna Mater. The name denotes
rulership.
- ANDINUS-
- Celtic god known from an inscription in Upper Moesia.
- **ANDRASTE-
- Celtic goddess of Victory, worshipped during Boudicca rebellion.
- ANTENOCITICUS-
- Celtic god known from a temple on Hadrian's Wall.
(Antocidicus).
- APADEVA-
- Celtic water goddess known from a dedicatory inscription in Cologne,
Germany.
- APOLLO ATEPOMARUS-
- Healing god with Sun connotations, known from France.
- APOLLO BELENUS-
- Sun and Healing god, more widely known.
- APOLLO CUNOMAGLUS-
- Hunting god? Known from inscriptions in England.
- **APOLLO GRANNUS-
- Even more popular Healing and Sun god, consort of Sirona,
and mentioned by the historian Cassius Dio.
- APOLLO GRANNUS MOGOUNUS-
- Two Celtic gods associated with each other and
Apollo, from a German inscription.
- **APOLLO MORITASGUS-
- Popular healing god, Consort of Damona.
- APOLLO TOUTIORIX-
- From German inscription, thought to be the same god as
Teutates.
- APOLLO VINDONNUS-
- Healing and Sun god, known from French temples.
Associated with the healing of sight.
- APOLLO VIROTUTIS-
- Celtic god whose name means "benefactor of humanity."
Worshipped in Gaul.
- ARAUSIO-
- Deity of the town of Arausio, France.
- ARDUINNA-
- Celtic boar goddess of the Ardennes. Associated with hunting, and the
goddess Diana.
- ARECURIUS-
- Celtic underworld god, known from England. His consort was Aericura.
- ARNEMETIA-
- A Celtic goddess known from Aquae Arnemetiae,(the waters of
Arnementia), now Buxton, England. Her name is generally thought to translate
into "She who dwells over against the Sacred Grove."
- ARTAIOS-
- Celtic god linked with Mercury as Mercury Artaios.
- **ARTIO-
- Celtic goddess of forest animals, plenty, hunting, and fertility. Possible
connection with the Greek Artemis? Probably linked with Diana.
- ARVERNUS-
- see Mercury Arvernus.
- ATEPOMARUS-
- see Apollo Atepomarus.
- AUFANIAE-
- Celtic mother goddesses known as the Matronae Aufaniae.
- **AVETA-
- Celtic mother goddess of nursing, fruit, plenty & prosperity.
- BACO-
- Boar god known from France. [Root of the word bacon??]
- BARREX-
- see Mars Barrex.
- BAUDIHILLIA-
- One of the Alaisigae goddesses, known from Hadrian's wall.
- BEDA-
- One of the Alaisigae goddesses, known from Hadrian's wall.
- BEISSIRISSA-
- Celtic god equated with Jupiter Optimus Maximus.
- BELATUCADRUS-
- Celtic war god whose name is thought to translate as "Fair Shining
One," from inscriptions at Hadrian's wall.
- BELENUS-
- see Apollo Belenus.
- BERGUSIA-
- Celtic goddess of crafts and prosperity, consort of the god Ucuetis, known
from France.
- BORMANNA-
- Celtic goddess of healing springs, consort of the god Bormo.
- BORMANUS -
- Another name for the god Bormo.
- **BORMO-
- Healing god of bubbling springs, also associated with plenty. Associated
with Apollo, and pictured holding a goblet, purse and plate of fruit. Known from
Spain, France, and Gaul.
- BORVO-
- Another name for the god Bormo.
- BOUDINA-
- Celtic mother goddess known from an inscription in Manderscheid,
Germany.
- **BREGANS-
- Celtic god who was the consort of the goddess Brigantia.
- BRICTA-
- Celtic goddess who was the consort of the god Luxovius. Known from
inscriptions at thermal springs in France, and thought to have a possible
connection to the Irish goddess Brigit.
- **BRIGANTIA-
- Goddess of victory known from inscriptions in Britain. Thought to be
the patron deity of the Brigantes tribe. Sometimes equated with the goddess
Victoria. Portrayed with a mural crown, wings, spear and Aegis shield, usually
associated with Minerva. Her consort was the god Bregans.
- BRIXIANUS-
- See Jupiter Brixianus.
- CAIVA-
- Celtic mother goddess known from the dedication inscription of a Roman
temple at Pelm, Germany.
- CALAEDICUS-
- See Silvanus Calaedicus.
- CALLIRIUS-
- See Silvanus Callirius.
- **CAMULOS-
- Celtic war god known in both Britain and Gaul. Known to be important
in pre-Roman times, and equated with Mars as Mars Camulos.
- CANDIDA-
- Celtic goddess known only from an inscription found near Frankfurt,
Germany that addresses her as "Deae Candidae Reginae" (To the goddess Candida
the Queen). She may have been a goddess of fortune, as she was portrayed in a
manner similar to the goddess Fortuna.
- CARPANTUS-
- Celtic god known from inscriptions in France. The name suggests a
connection with the town of Carpentorate (modern Carpentras) in southern
France.
- CATURIX-
- See Mars Caturix.
- CERNENUS-
- A Celtic god who was linked to Jupiter as Jupiter Cernenus. Probably the
same deity as Cernunnos.
- **CERNUNNOS-
- Celtic god of fertility, abundance, regeneration and wild animals.
Worshipped widely in Roman times, but also known from Pre-Roman sites.
Cernunnos means "horned one." The distribution of images show that Cernunnos
was widely worshipped in both Gaul and Britain.
- CISSONIA -
- Celtic goddess known from inscriptions found in Germany. Consort of
Cissonius.
- CISSONIUS-
- see Mercury Cissonius.
- **COCIDIUS-
- Celtic god who was primarily worshipped in Northern and Western
Cumbria, and in the Hadrian's Wall region. A god of woodland and hunting, also a
god of war sometimes depicted with a shield and spear. At Ebchester there was an
inscription to Cocidius Vernostonus, (a Celtic god whose name means "alder
tree"). Cocidius was sometimes equated with the Roman god Silvanus, and at
other times with Mars. A Fanum Cocidi (sanctuary of Cocidius) is mentioned in in
the Ravenna Cosmography; it was probably somewhere near the valley of the
Irthing River, near Hadrian's Wall.
- COMEDOVAE -
- triad of Celtic mother goddesses, referred to as the Matres Comedovae.
- CONDATIS -
- God of the confluence of rivers in the Tyne-Tees region of England.
Although a god of water and possibly of healing, he was sometimes equated with
Mars.
- CONTREBIS -
- Celtic god who is known from an inscription at Overborough,
Lancashire, England. Contrebis means "he who dwells among us". In another
inscription at Lancaster, England, he is identified with the Celtic god Ialonus as
Ialonus Contrebis.
- COROTIACUS -
- See Mars Corotiacus.
- **COVENTINA -
- Celtic goddess of a spring at Carrawburgh, near Hadrian's Wall.
Although the spring had no medicinal properties, Coventina may have been
regarded as a healer and water goddess. She apparently had high status, and is
referred to in inscriptions as "Augusta" and "Sancta." Coventina is usually
portrayed as a water nymph, naked and reclining on lapping waves. She holds a
water lily, and in one depiction is shown in triplicate pouring water from a beaker.
- CRETO -
- An alternative rending of the Celtic god "Greto" in an inscription.
- CUDA -
- Celtic goddess known from an inscribed sculpture found at Cirencester,
England. The image depicts her as a mother goddess, accompanied by three hooded
"Genii Cucullati." The goddess is depicted seated with something in her lap
(possibly an egg or loaf) and the three hooded figures are standing. The nearest
figure appears to be accepting something from Cuda. The name Cuda refers to
prosperity.
- CUNOMAGLUS - See
- Apollo Cunomaglus.
- DAMONA -
- Celtic goddess worshipped in Burgundy, France. She seems to have been
a goddess of fertility and healing and was sometimes associated with Apollo
Moritasgus, Abilus, Bormo, and other water gods at healing springs. One
inscription links her with the practice of incubation, wherein pilgrims slept at
healing shrines to receive cures through dreams. The name Damona means "great
or divine cow."
- DEA AUGUSTA ANDARTA -
- See Andarta.
- DEA MALUISAE -
- Celtic-German mother goddesses who were invoked in an
inscription on an altar found in the German Rhineland.
- DEA MATRES -
- See Matres.
- DEA QUADRIVIAE -
- Celtic deities of crossroads, also referred as the Dea Quadruviae,
or Quadrivae.
- **DEA NUTRIX -
- A particular form of Celtic mother goddess, usually depicted sitting
in a high-backed wicker chair suckling one or two children. Pipeclay statuettes in
this form have been found throughout all ancient Celtic areas. Finds of these
statues in graves suggest that Dea Nurix was also a goddess of renewal and rebirth.
Pipeclay figurines resembling the classical Venus are also probably connected with
a Celtic-Roman domestic fertility cult.
- DEIOTAURUS -
- Celtic god who was worshipped in Galatia (now an area of northern
Turkey). His name probably means "divine bull."
- DI CONSERVATORES -
- "Savior Gods" A collective term of Roman origin used to
address those deities who were believed to have preserved a worshipper during a
difficult time. There is an altar dedicated to Di Conservatores in South Shields,
England.
- DIS PATER -
- An alternative name for Dis, the god of the underworld. In Southern
Germany and the Balkans, Dis pater was paired with a Celtic goddess, Aericura.
Julius Caesar wrote that the Gauls considered themselves to be descendants of Dis
Pater.
- DISCIPLINA -
- Roman goddess of orderly conduct, used to maintain order within the
Legions. The earliest inscription to this goddess is from an altar at Chesters,
Hadrian's Wall. Eight dedications to this goddess are known from England.
- DOMESTICAE -
- See Matres Domesticae.
- ENTARABUS -
- Variant spelling of Intarabus, from a German inscription.
- **EPONA -
- Celtic horse goddess, whose name is derived from the Celtic word for
horse. Her worship was spread throughout Gaul and Britain. Epona was a popular
goddess in Rome, and even had a Roman festival day, December 18. This is unique
for a Gaulish deity. Epona was always portrayed on or with horses, and sometimes
with paterae full of corn, ears of corn, baskets of fruit, a dog, and a key. Apart from
her association with horses, the symbolism suggests that Epona was also associated
with water, and presided over such aspects of life as fertility, healing, death and
rebirth.
- **ESUS -
- A Celtic god who is known from the writings of the first-century Roman
poet Lucan. Eusus is also known from inscriptions in Paris, France, and Trier,
Germany. The god had a particular connection with willow trees and is depicted as
a woodsman cutting or pruning trees. In later written commentaries from the
ninth century, Esus was compared to both Mars and Mercury.
- FAGUS -
- Celtic god who personified the beech tree. He was worshipped in the French
Pyrenees.
- FORTUNA CONSERVATRIX -
- Fortuna the preserver. There was an altar dedicated to
this goddess at the fort of Chesters on Hadrian's Wall, England.
- FRIGABIS -
- One of the Alisiagae, from an inscription from Housesteads, on Hadrian's
Wall.
- GEBRINIUS -
- See Mercury Gebrinius.
- GENIUS CUCULLATUS -
- "Hooded spirit." The name given to a series of
representations, usually relief carvings in stone, of hooded deities. A Cucullus was
a hood fastened to a cloak, and the name "genio cucullato" is mentioned in an
inscription found in a Celtic-Roman shrine at Wabelsdorf, Austria. Genii Cucullati
are portrayed as dwarves, often carrying edds or bags of money, sometimes with
scrolls. They are sometimes associated with mother goddesses. They appear to be
Celtic deities associated with fertility and prosperity, and possibly with renewal and
rebirth.
- GENIUS LOCI -
- A formula used in dedication when the suppliant was uncertain of
the name of the deity to whom a sacrifice was being made.
- GLANIS -
- The eponymous Celtic patron of the town of Glanum (St. Remy), France.
- GRANNUS -
- See Apollo Grannus.
- GRETO -
- Celtic god who is known from an inscription at Stumpfer Turm, Germany.
- GRISELICAE -
- See Matres Griselicae.
- **HAMMER GOD -
- An important Celtic deity who was worshipped in Gaul. He was
represented both with a consort and alone; a few representations are dedicated to
Sucellus. Most depict the god bearded with a short belted tunic, a heavy cloak, a
long handled hammer and a small pot or goblet. Other symbols such as a wine
barrel and a dog, show a wide range of spheres of influence. He was associated with
wine production, healing springs, prosperity and plenty, and nature.
- HERCULES ILLUNUS -
- The Celtic god Illunus linked with the Roman god Hercules.
Worshipped in the province of Gallia Narbonensis, (Province, France).
- **HERCULES MAGUSANUS -
- The most popular of the Celtic gods linked with
Hercules. Known from dedications in Gaul.
- HERCULES SAEGON -
- Celtic god linked with Hercules, known from an inscription at
Silchester, England. Saegon may be a form of the name "Segomo," meaning
"victorious."
- HVETERIS -
- Probably an alternative name of the Celtic deity Vitris.
- HVITIRIS -
- Probably an alternative name of the Celtic deity Vitris.
- IALONA -
- Celtic goddess who was the female counterpart of the Celtic god Ialonus.
Worshipped at Nimes, France.
- IALONUS -
- Celtic god who was the personification of the land. Possibly a deity of
clearings or cultivated fields, or deity of the woodland glade.
- IALONUS CONTREBIS -
- The Celtic god Ialonus identified with the Celtic god
Contrebis. Ialonus Contrebis, "Ialonus who dwells among us" is invoked in an
inscription found at Lancaster, England.
- IANUARIA -
- A Celtic goddess who is known from a shrine at Beire-le-Chatel, France.
A stone statue portrays her as a young girl with curly hair, wearing a heavy pleated
coat and holding a set of pan pipes. the shrine is at a healing spring, and also
contains images of Apollo, triple horned bulls, and doves. With these associations
she may have been a goddess of music and healing.
- ICOVELLAUNA -
- A Celtic goddess who was worshipped in eastern Gaul. There are
inscriptions to her in both France and Germany. She appears to have been a
goddess of healing springs.
- ILUNNUS -
- See Hercules Ilunnus.
- INCIONA -
- A Celtic goddess who was worshipped as the partner of the Celtic god
Veraudinus. This divine couple is known from an inscription in Luxembourg.
Possibly deities of that specific locality.
- INTARABUS -
- A Celtic woodland god known from inscriptions at Trier, Germany. In
one inscription he is equated with Mars. Intarabus is probably the same deity as
Entarabus.
- IOVANTUCARUS -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Celtic god Lenus at Trier,
Germany. He appears to have been worshipped as a protector of youth, and is
known to have been equated with the Roman god Mercury.
- IUNONES -
- A Celtic triple version of the goddess Juno. Iunones was the name of a
triad of Celtic mother goddesses worshipped in Gaul.
- JUPITER BEISSIRISSA -
- A Celtic god who was identified with the Roman god Jupiter.
He is know from a dedication to Jupiter Optimus Maximus Beissirissa, found at
Cadeac, Hautes-Pyrenees, southern France.
- JUPITER BRIXIANUS -
- A Celtic god identified with the Roman god Jupiter. He is
known from Brescia, northern Italy. Likely a god of that locality.
- **JUPITER CERNENUS -
- The Celtic god Cernenus (Cernunnos) linked with the
Roman god Jupiter. From an inscription in Gaul.
- JUPITER PARTHINUS -
- Celtic god identified with the Roman god Jupiter. From
inscriptions in Dalmatia and Upper Moesia. May be associated with the local tribe
of the Partheni.
- JUPITER POENINUS -
- A Celtic god identified with the Roman god Jupiter.
Worshipped in the Alps around the Great St. Bernard Pass. A sanctuary with a
votive plaque was established there in the Iron Age, and continued to be used
through Roman times.
- JUPITER TANARUS -
- See Tanarus.
- JUPITER TARANIS -
- See Taranis.
- JUPITER UXELLINUS -
- A Celtic god who was identified with the Roman god Jupiter.
Worshipped in the high Austrian mountains.
- LAHA -
- A Celtic goddess who was worshipped in the foothills of the Pyrenees, France.
She appears to have been a water goddess associated with springs. She may be
connected with the Iberian god Lahus Paraliomegus.
- LAHUS PARALIOMEGUS -
- An Iberian god known from an inscription in northwest
Spain. May be connected with the Celtic goddess Laha.
- LAMIAE TRES -
- "Three Witches" Possible Celtic deities known from a dedication on
an altar found at Benwell on Hadrian's Wall. Witches were not normally
considered as deities, and this inscription is unique. It is possible that these figures
were similar to the Celtic mother goddesses known as the Matres.
- LATIS -
- A Celtic goddess known from Cumbria, England. She was a local goddess of
watery places, bogs and pools. Inscriptions to her are known from Fallsteads and
from Birdoswald on Hadrian's Wall.
- LATROBIUS -
- A Celtic god of mountains and sky who was worshipped in Austria. He
was equated with both Mars and Jupiter. A dedication to Mars Latrobius has been
found 6,651 feet above sea level, on the highest peak of Mount Koralpe, Austria.
- LENO -
- A Celtic god who was the protective deity of Lerins, Province, France. Other
than dedicatory inscriptions which mention this god, little is known about him.
- LENUMIUS -
- See Mars Lenumius.
- ** LENUS -
- An important Celtic healing god of the Treveri tribe, who had sanctuaries
at medicinal springs at Trier and Pommern in Germany. Dedications to him are
also known from Britain. Lenus was sometimes equated with the Celtic god
Iovantucarus, apparently as a protector of youth. Lenus was also equated with Mars
at Trier and is more usually referred to in inscription as Lenus Mars, rather than
Mars Lenus, meaning that this god was well established before Roman influence.
His sanctuary had a large Romano-Celtic temple, and a huge altar. At Trier Mars
Lenus's divine partner was the Celtic goddess Ancamna.
- LOUCETIUS -
- See Mars Loucetius.
- LUG -
- Possibly a Celtic god, the equivalent of the Irish god Lugh. The worship of a
Celtic god called Lug may account for various place names, such as Lugdunum
(Modern Lyon) in France. Both inscriptions and place names may be connected
with this god.
- LUXOVIUS -
- A Celtic god who was the eponymous deity of Luxeuil, France. He is
known only from this site, where he was worshipped as the partner of the goddess
Bricta. This divine couple were deities of the thermal spring, where other deities
were also worshipped.
- MAPONUS -
- A Celtic god who was worshipped both in Britain and France. Maponus
means "divine youth." He was sometimes equated with the Greek god Apollo. The
Ravenna Cosmography, dating from the fifth century, mentions a "Locus Maponi"
(place of Maponus). This was possibly a cult center and may have been located in
Galloway, Scotland. Dedications to Maponus suggest that he was associated with
music and poetry, but on a sculptured stone in Ribchester, England he is also
portrayed alongside an unnamed goddess of hunting.
- MARS ALATOR -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is
known from an inscription on an altar found at South Shields, England, and also
from a silver-gilt votive plaque found at Barkway, Hertfordshire, England. The
Celtic name Alator is interpreted as meaning "huntsman" or "he who cherishes"
although his identification with Mars may imply that he was a god of war.
- MARS ALBIORIX -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He was
the protector of the Albici tribe in Southern France, and was also regarded as a
mountain god.
- MARS BARREX -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. This god
is known only from a dedicatory inscription found at Carlisle, England. An
alternative reading of the name on the inscription is Barrecis. The name "Barrex"
or "Barrecis" probably means "supreme."
- MARS BELATUCADRUS -
- The Celtic god Belatucadrus who was equated with the
Roman god Mars. He is known in this form from five inscriptions found in the
area of Hadrian's Wall.
- MARS BRACIACA -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. This
god is known only from a single inscription found at Bakewell, England.
- MARS CAMULOS -
- See Camulos.
- MARS CATURIX -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He was
worshipped in Gaul, and was possibly the tribal god of the Caturiges.
- MARS COCIDIUS -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is
known in the area of north and west Cumbria and around Hadrian's Wall. Usually
a god of woodland and hunting, Cocidius seems to have been regarded as a war god
in the instances when he was equated with Mars.
- MARS CONDATIS -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars.
Condatis was god of the confluence of rivers and a god of water and healing, Mars
Condatis presumably fulfilled a similar function. He is known from inscriptions
found at Piercebridge, Bowes and Chester-le-Street, near Hadrian's Wall, England.
- MARS COROTIACUS -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He
is known only from an inscription on a fragmentary bronze sculpture from
Suffolk, England. The statue portrays a warrior riding a horse over a prostrate
enemy.
- MARS LATOBIUS -
- See Latobius.
- MARS LENUMIUS -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is
known from a dedication to him found at the fort of Benwell on Hadrian's Wall,
England. Little else is known about him.
- MARS LENUS -
- See Lenus.
- **MARS LOUCETIUS -
- The Roman god Mars possibly linked with a Celtic deity. The
name "Loucetius" means "lightning" or "brilliant." It is not certain whether
Loucetius was a Celtic god, or a Celtic use of the title Loucetius for Mars. Loucetius
Mars is known from a dedication found at bath, England, where a divine couple of
Loucetius Mars and the Celtic goddess Nemetona was worshipped. Mars Loucetius
may have been a healing god, since this particular dedication was on an alter in the
temple of Sulis Minerva at the medicinal springs at bath. Mars Loucetius is also
known from several other places in Europe and Germany.
- MARS MEDIOCUS -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is
known from an inscription found on a bronze panel found at Colchester, England.
- MARS MULLO -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. The cult of
Mars Mullo was popular in northern and northwestern Gaul, in particular
Normandy and Brittany. There is evidence that there was a center of this cult at
Rennes, Brittany, which was the tribal capital of the Redones. At Allones, France,
Mars Mullo was worshipped as a healer of eye afflictions. The importance of this
cult is shown by an inscription that links Mars Mullo to the emperor Augustus.
- MARS NABELCUS -
- A Celtic mountain god who was equated with the Roman god
Mars. He was worshipped in the Vaucluse mountains of Provence, as well as in
other mountain areas of southern France.
- MARS NODENS -
- See Nodens.
- MARS OCELUS -
- A Celtic god referred to in dedications from Caerwent, Wales, and
Carlisle, England. He is probably the same as Mars Lenus, who is linked with
Ocelos in another dedication from Caerwent, Wales, which refers to Mars Lenus
and to Ocelos Vellaunus.
- MARS OLLOUDIUS -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars,
worshipped in both Britain and Gau. Mars Olloudius appears to have been a god of
peaceful protection (in contrast to Mars' warlike aspect) and probably also of
fertility, prosperity and healing. An image of Mars Olloudius is known from
Custom Scrubs, Gloucestershire, England, where he is accompanied by a patera and
a double cornucopia, symbolizing abundance.
- MARS RIGAS -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is
known from a single inscription found at Malton, North Yorkshire, England.
- MARS RIGISAMUS -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is
known from dedications found in both Gaul and England. In Somerset, England,
evidence suggests that there may have been a shrine dedicated to this god. the
name Rigisamus means "King of Kings" or "Most Kingly" and implies a very high
status for this god, beyond the usual roles of Mars.
- MARS RIGONEMETIS -
- ("Mars King of the Sacred Grove"). A Celtic god who was
equated with the Roman god Mars. This deity is known from an inscription found
at Nettleham, Lincolnshire, England, where he was linked to the "Numen" of the
emperor in the dedication. This association with the emperor implies a high status
for the god, but no other dedications of him are known. It is possible that the stone
on which this inscription was found was once part of the arch of a temple.
- MARS RUDIANUS -
- A Celtic war god who was equated with the Roman god Mars.
He was worshipped in southern Gaul. Rudianus means "red," probably (through
blood symbolism) reflecting the warlike nature of the deity.
- MARS SEGOMO -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars, meaning
"Mars Victorious." Mars Segomo was worshipped by the Sequani tribe in Gaul.
Segomo is more of a title than a name, and may be an epithet of Mars rather than a
separate Celtic deity.
- MARS SMERTRIUS -
- A Celtic god of abundance who was equated with the Roman
god Mars. The name Smertrius seems to mean "The Provider." He is known from
a dedication found at Mohn, near Trier, Germany, where a shrine was dedicated to
this god and to the Celtic goddess Ancamna.
- MARS TEUTATES -
- See Teutates.
- MARS THINCSUS -
- A Celtic or possibly German god, known from a dedication found
at Housesteads, Hadrian's Wall, England, where he is linked with two goddesses
called the Alaisigae, these goddesses were also linked with Mars on another
inscription from Housteads.
- MARS VISUCIUS -
- See Visucius.
- MARS VOROCIUS -
- A Celtic god of healing who was equated with the Roman god
Mars at the medicinal springs at Vichy, Allier, France. Mars Vorocius was
worshipped as a healer of eye afflictions and was depicted as a Celtic warrior.
- MATRES -
- Also called Dea Matres or Matronae, these were Celtic Mother goddesses,
normally worshipped in a triad. The Latin word Matres mean "mothers." They
were often portrayed in art, particularly sculpture, usually as three seated women,
wearing long robes and accompanied by various symbolic objects. Their symbols
included cereal crops, bread, fruit, and other symbols of plenty, babies and children.
The Matres were largely worshipped in northwest Europe under a variety of names
and with differing attributes, such as the Matres Domesticae. Goddesses that have
been called Deae Nutrices are apparently connected with the Matres.
- MATRES COMEDOVAE -
- A triad of Celtic mother goddesses known as Comedovae.
they were worshipped at Aix-les-Bains, France, where they were associated with
healing and the medicinal properties of the hot springs.
- MATRES DOMESTICAE -
- A triad of Celtic mother goddesses who are known from
inscriptions found in Britain. dedications to these deities are known from
Chichester, York, Stanwix, and Burgh-by-Sands, England. The name "Domesticae"
probably means "goddesses of the homeland."
- MATRES GRISELICAE -
- Celtic mother goddesses who were worshipped at medicinal
springs at Greoulx, southern France.
- MATRES NEMAUSICAE -
- See Nemausicae.
- MATRES SULEVIAE -
- See Suleviae.
- MATRONAE -
- An alternative name for the Matres or Dea Matres, Celtic mother
goddesses.
- MATRONAE ALHIAHENAE -
- Celto-Germanic mother goddesses known only from
an inscription on an altar found at Neidenheim, Germany.
- MATRONAE ANDRUSTEHIAE -
- Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were
invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
- MATRONAE AUDRINEHAE -
- Celto Germanic mother goddesses who were invoked
in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
- MATRONAE AUFANIAE -
- Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were worshipped
in the Rhineland, Germany, also known as the Aufaniae. They were portrayed as
one young woman with flowing hair, flanked by two older women with large
circular bonnets. They wear long robes and carry baskets of fruit. They were often
associated with faunal and floral symbols such as birds, snakes, trees, and flowers.
A temple at Nettersheim, near Bonn, Germany, was dedicated to these goddesses.
- MATRONAE AXSINGINEHAE -
- Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were
invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
- MATRONAE FERNOVINEHAE -
- Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were
invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
- MATRONAE UDRAVARINEHAE -
- Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were
invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
- MATRONAE VACALLINEHAE -
- Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were
worshipped in the Rhineland, Germany. There was an important cult center of
these deities at Pesch, near Zulpich, Germany. More than 160 altars dedicated to the
Matronae Vacallinehae have been found here, many set up by the soldiers of
Legion XXX Ulpia. Portrayals of the goddesses show them with large linen
headdresses, they are usually accompanied by loaves of bread.
- MATRONAE VALLABNEIHAE -
- Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were
invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
- MATUNUS -
- A Celtic god who is known from a dedication found at Risingham,
England. "Matunus" means "Divine Bear."
- MEDOCIUS -
- See Mars Medocius.
- MERCURY ARTAIOS -
- The Celtic god Artaios who was equated with the Roman god
Mercury. He was worshipped at Beaucroissant, France. He was probably connected
with bears and hunting, both as a protector of bears and as a protector of bear
hunters.
- MERCURY ARVERNUS -
- The Celtic god Arvernus who was equated with the Roman
god Mercury. He was worshipped in the Rhineland and was probably a god of that
locality. The name Arvernus suggests that he was a particular deity of the Arverni
tribe, but dedications to Mercury Arvernus do not occur within their territory
which was within the Auvergne region of central France.
- MERCURY CISSONIUS -
- The Celtic god Cissonius who was linked to the Roman god
Mercury. This deity is known within a region from Cologne, Germany, to Saintes,
France.
- MERCURY GEBRINIUS -
- The Celtic god Gebrinius who was equated with the Roman
god Mercury. He is known from an inscription on an altar found at Bonn,
Germany.
- MERCURY MOCCUS -
- A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mercury.
He is known from evidence at Langres, France. The name "Moccus" (pig) suggests
that he was connected with boar hunting.
- MERCURY VISUCIUS -
- See Visucius.
- MITHRAS -
- Roman hero deity whose worship was spread throughout Celtic lands by
the Legions. Mithras was the god of Truth, Victory and Light. Mithraism, the
mystery religion dedicated to him, was practiced in temples called Mithraeums,
which were often underground. Several Mithraeums have been found in both
Gaul and Britain.
- MOCCUS -
- See Mercury Moccus.
- **MOGONS -
- ("Great One") A Celtic god who was worshipped mainly in northern
England, particularly around Hadrian's Wall. He is also known from evidence in
both Germany and France. There appear to be various spellings of this god's name,
and dedications to Mogtus, Mogunus, Mogounus, and Mountus are all thought to
refer to this god. The Celtic goddess Mogontia may be connected to this deity.
- MOGONS VITIRIS -
- The Celtic god Mogons equated with the Celtic god Vitiris,
known from a single inscription found at Netherby, Cumbria, England.
- MOGONTIA -
- A Celtic goddess who is known from an inscription found at Sablon,
France. Mogontia may be linked to the Celtic god Mogons.
- MOGOUNUS -
- Probably an alternative name for the Celtic god Mogons.
- MOGTUS -
- Probably an alternative name for the Celtic god Mogons.
- MOGUNUS -
- Probably an alternative name for the Celtic god Mogons.
- MORITASGUS -
- See Apollo Moritasgus.
- MOUNTUS -
- Probably an alternative name for the Celtic god Mogons.
- MULLO -
- See Mars Mullo.
- NABELCUS -
- See Mars Nabelcus.
- **NANTOSUELTA -
- A Celtic goddess whose name means "winding river" or
"meandering brook." She was invoked with the Celtic god Sucellos as a divine
couple.
- **NEHALENNIA -
- A Celtic goddess of seafarers, fertility and abundance. The name
Nehalennia may mean "steerswoman" or "leader." She is known at two coastal
shrines at Domburg and Colijnsplaat, the Netherlands, in the territory of the
Morini tribe. Many altars have been found at these sites, and on them Nehalennia
is frequently portrayed with symbols of sea travel, such as a steering oar, as well as
with symbols of abundance, such as a heap of fruit or a cornucopia. Another
frequent accompanying symbol is a dog, usually portrayed in a benign protective
pose. The variety of symbolism suggests that the goddess provided over wider
activities such as healing, death and rebirth, and not just travel at see. Nehalennia
is also known from a dedication at the river port in Cologne, Germany.
- NEMAUSICAE -
- (Also known as the Matres Nemausicae) Celtic mother goddesses of
fertility and healing who were associated with the shrine and spa a the town of
Nimes, France. they were also associated with Nemausus, the eponymous god of
that town who presided over the healing spring.
- NEMAUSUS -
- An ancient local Celto-Ligurian god of Nimes, France. The Ligurians
were pre-Celtic people living in the extreme south of Gaul. Nemausus was
probably the spirit of the healing springs at Nimes, where the local goddesses of
healing and fertility (Matres Nemausicae) were also worshipped.
- **NEMETONA -
- A Celtic goddess of the sacred grove. She was mainly worshipped in
the territory of the Nemetes in Germany. She was usually paired with a Celtic
versiion of Mars, such as Mars Rigonemetis, or Mars Loucetius. A dedication to her
and Mars Loucietius has been found at Bath, England.
- **NODENS -
- Also known as Nodons or Nudens, a Celtic god of healing found only in
Britain. There is no known portrayal of Nodens in human form, but
representations of a dog occur which may portray the god or an associated attribute.
Dedications to Mars Nodens have been found at Lydney, Gloucestershire, and near
Lancaster, Lancashire. There was an important temple complex and healing
sanctuary dedicated to Nodens at Lydney.
- NUDENS -
- An alternative name for the Celtic god Nodens.
- OCELOS -
- A Celtic god also known as Ocelus. He is recorded on three inscriptions
found in Britain, two of which are from Caerwent, Wales: in one he was identified
with the Celtic god Vellaunus in a dedication to "the god Mars Lenus or Ocelos
Vellaunus." In the third dedication , from Carlisle, England, he is invoked as Mars
Ocelos.
- OGMIOS -
- A Celtic god mentioned by the Greek author, Lucian, who traveled in Gaul
in the second century. He encountered the cult of Ogmios in Gallia Narbonensis.
Ogmios was apparently portrayed as an old bald man, burnt by the sun. He was
shown linked to a band of men by a thin gold chain running from his tongue to
their ears, apparently to symbolize the fact that he was regarded as a god of eloquent
speech. Despite his physical appearance, Ogmios was equated with Hercules, and
Lucian was informed that this was because the Celts equated eloquence with
Hercules because of his strength. Ogmios is also known from two curse tablets from
Austria.
- OLLOUDIUS -
- See Mars Olloudius.
- PISINTOS -
- A Celtic god who was worshipped at Trier, Germany, where he was
equated with the Roman god Vertumnus as Vertumnus Pisintos.
- POENINUS -
- See Jupiter Poeninus.
- PRITONA -
- An alternative reading of the name of the Celtic goddess Ritona.
- QUADRUVIAE -
- Celtic goddesses of crossroads who were also known as Quadriviae,
Dea Quadruviae or Deae Quadriviae. There are several dedications to these deities
from Germany. An inscription found near cologne reads "to the goddesses of the
crossroads, road forks, roads and paths."
- RATA -
- Alternative spelling for the Celtic goddess Ratis.
- RATIS -
- (Also Known as Rata) A Celtic goddess who is known from inscriptions
found at Birdoswald and Chesters on Hadrian's Wall, England. "Ratis" means
"Goddess of the Fortress."
- RICAGAMBEDA -
- A Germanic goddess known from an inscription on an altar found
at Birrens, Scotland. The altar was dedicated by soldiers of the Second Cohort of
Tungri.
- RIGISAMUS -
- See Mars Rigisamus.
- RIGONEMETIS -
- See Mars Rigonemetis.
- RITONA -
- A Celtic goddess of fords and water crossings who was worshipped at Trier
and Pachten, Germany.
- **ROSMERTA -
- A Celtic goddess whose name means "The Great Provider." She was
usually associated with the Roman god Mercury, together they formed a divine
couple which was worshipped over much of Europe, particularly in central and
eastern Gaul. She was also worshipped in southwest England. In the divine couple,
Rosmerta was a goddess of prosperity and abundance, and was often depicted with
a cornucopia and patera. In other portrayals, the couple is accompanied by purses of
money and caducei. On a carving from Mannheim, Germany, Rosmerta holds a
purse on which a snake lays its head. In Britain, Rosmerta was sometimes shown
accompanied by a bucket, and in one carving she has a scepter and a ladle held over
a bucket. She was occasionally worshipped on her own as a goddess of plenty , and
at Gissey-la-veil, France, she was associated with a sacred spring.
- RUDIANUS -
- See Mars Rudianus.
- RODIOBUS -
- A Celtic god who is referred to in an inscription on a bronze figurine of a
horse found at Neuvy-En-Sullias, France. Horses were presumably sacred to this
god.
- SAEGON -
- See Hercules Saegon.
- **SAITADA -
- A Celtic goddess known from an inscription found in the Tyne Valle,
England. The name Saitada may mean "Goddess of Grief."
- SARANA -
- A Celtic Goddess who is known from evidence at a temple at Szony,
Hungary. She is probably the same deity as the Celtic goddess Sirona.
- SATTADA -
- A goddess (possibly Saiiada) recorded in an inscription on an altar found
at Beltingham, near Hadrian's Wall, England. The inscription is problematic in
that it records the dedication of the altar by the assembly of the Testoverdi, which is
not recognized as a Celtic name. It is thought most likely that the Textoverdi were a
native tribe living in the area, and that Sattada was a local native goddess.
- SEGOMO -
- See Mars Segomo.
- SEQUANA -
- A Celtic goddess of water and healing, and a personification of the Seine
River at its source northwest of Dijon, France. The source of the river is in a valley
in the Shallion plateau, and a healing sanctuary was dedicated to the goddess
Sequana. The goddess was portrayed wearing a diadem and standing in a boat
shaped like a duck. The nature of the votive offerings from the site reflects her role
as a healing goddess.
- SETLOCENIA -
- A Celtic goddess known from a dedicatory inscription at Maryport,
England. Setlocenia probably means "She of the Long Life."
- SILVANUS CALLIRIUS -
- The Celtic god Callirius linked with the Roman god
Silvanus. He is known from a dedicatory inscription found at Colchester England,
that occurs on a bronze plaque that was found in a pit near a rectangular shrine.
Also in the pit was a bronze figure of a stag, which may imply that the god was
regarded as a deity who protected stags (as woodland game) and hunters of stags.
Callirius was a local woodland god whose name means "King of the Woodland" or
"God of the Hazel Wood."
- SILVANUS COCIDIUS -
- A Celtic god linked with the Roman god Silvanus. This deity
is known from two inscriptions found at Housteads fort on Hadrian's Wall,
England, and at Risingham fort to the north of Hadrian's Wall. At Risingham, the
god is portrayed in sculptural relief as a hunter dressed in a short tunic, carrying a
bow and arrow, and accompanied by a stag and a dog.
- SILVANUS MAGLAE -
- An inscription to Silvanus Maglae is known from the Roman
province of Pannoia Superior. It is thought that Maglae was a native Celtic god
who was equated with the Roman god Silvanus. However, nothing else is known
about this deity, and it is possible that Maglae is simply a local description of
Silvanus.
- SILVANUS POININUS -
- A local Celtic god equated with the Roman god Silvanus.
This deity is known from an inscription found at Turnovo, Bulgaria. It is possible
that Poininus is the same deity as the Celtic god Poeninus.
- SILVANUS SINQUAS -
- See Sinquas.
- SILVANUS VINOTONUS -
- See Vinotonus.
- SINQUAS -
- A Celtic deity known from two inscriptions from the Roman province of
Belgica. Sinquas is only equated with Silvanus in one of the inscriptions, so
Sinquas is a proper name rather than a title.
- SIRONA -
- A Celtic goddess of healing, fertility and regeneration often associated with
medicinal springs. She was probably the same deity as Sarana.
- SMERTRIUS -
- See Mars Smertrius.
- SOUCONNA -
- A Celtic deity and personification of the Saone River at Chalon-sur-
Sabine, France.
- STANNA -
- A Celtic goddess who is known from three inscriptions found at
Perigueux, France, where she is invoked with the Celtic god Telo.
- SUCELLUS -
- A Celtic hammer god who is usually portrayed as a mature bearded male
with the identifying symbol of a long-handled hammer. He often occurs with a
consort, the Celtic goddess Nanotsuelta, who generally carries a model of a house
on a long pole. Dedicatory inscriptions to this divine couple are known from Gaul.
Some stone carvings depicting similar deities have no dedicatory inscriptions but
are usually taken to be of Sucellus and Nantosuelta. Such images are known from
Gaul, Germany and Britain. Sucellus and Nanosuelta are often accompanied by
other symbols such as barrels, pots, dogs and ravens, from which it is assumed that
they were associated with beneficence, domesticity and prosperity. The hammer
may denote a connection with thunder, rain and fertility.
- **SULEVIAE -
- A triad of Celtic mother goddesses who were worshipped in Gaul,
Britain, Germany, Hungary and Rome itself. In Gaul they were sometimes called
Matres Suleviae or were identified with the plural form of Juno as Suleviae
Ionones. An altar dedicated to the Suleviae formed part of the religious complex of
Sulis Minerva at Bath, England. The Suleviae were concerned with fertility,
healing and regeneration as well as maternity, and their cult was widespread.
- **SULIS MINERVA -
- A Celtic healing goddess who was linked to the Roman goddess
Minerva. She was worshipped at the sacred thermal springs at Bath, England,
where a pre-Roman shrine was converted to a massive religious complex in the
late first century. The springs were enclosed and fed a large ornamental pool, and a
temple and bath suite were built nearby. A number of other Celtic and Roman
deities were also worshipped in this religious couples, including the Suleviae.
Dedications to this deity invoke her as Sulis or Sulis Minerva, the Celtic name
always proceeds the Roman one, showing that Sulis was the long established deity
of the springs.
- TANARUS -
- A Celtic thunder god who is known from an inscription found at
Chester, England, where he was equated with the Roman god Jupiter as Jupiter
Optimus Maximus Tanarus. He is also known from an inscription found at Orgon,
France and is thought to be the same deity as Taranis.
- TARAN -
- A Celtic thunder god known from an inscription found at Tours, France. He
is thought to be the same deity as Taranis.
- **TARANIS -
- ("Thunderer") A Celtic thunder god who was probably the same deity as
Tanarus, Taran, Taranus, Taranucus and Taranucnus. Seven altars dedicated to
gods whose names are variations of Taranis are known from Britain, Germany,
France, and Dalmatia. This god was sometimes equated with the Roman god
Jupiter.
- TARANUCNUS -
- A Celtic thunder god known from inscriptions found in Germany.
Thought to be the same deity as Taranis.
- TARANUCUS -
- A Celtic thunder god known from inscriptions found at Thauron,
France. Thought to be the same deity as Taranis.
- TARANUS -
- A Celtic thunder god known from inscriptions found in Dalmatia.
Thought to be the same deity as Taranis.
- TARVOSTRIGARANUS -
- ("the bull with three cranes") Known from inscriptions
and reliefs found in both France and Germany. As one of the inscriptions links
Tarostrigarnus with the Celtic god Esus, this may be another name for the Celtic
god Tarvos.
- TELO -
- A Celtic goddess who was the personification of the town of Toulon, France.
She was the goddess of the sacred spring around which the town developed.
Dedications to Telo are also known from Perigueus, France, and on three occasions
she is associated with a Celtic goddess called Stanna.
- TEUTATES -
- A Celtic god mentioned by the 1st century Roman poet Lucan. Teutates is
known from a number of inscriptions found both in Britain and Gaul. Inscriptions
invoking Toutates, Toutatis, and Totatis are usually regarded as being variant
spellings of this god's name. Teutates probably means "protector of the tribe" and
he appears to have also been a god of war. He was normally equated with the
Roman god Mars. As Toutiorix, he was linked to the god Apollo in a German
inscription. Lucan wrote that Teutates was one of the three Celtic gods that
required human sacrifice.
- THINCSUS -
- See Mars Thincsus.
- TOTATIS -
- Thought to be a variant spelling of the deity name Teitates.
- TOUTATIS -
- Thought to be a variant spelling of the deity name Teutates.
- TOUTIORIX -
- See Apollo TOUTIORIX.
- TSIRONA -
- Thought to be a variant spelling of the goddess name Sirona.
- TUTELA BOUDIGA -
- A Celtic goddess who is known from an inscription found in
Bordeaux, France, which can be dated to 237 CE. Tutela Boudigas name means
something like "protecting victory," and she appears to have been a goddess of
protection and victory. The inscription records fulfillment of a vow by Marcus
Aurelius Lunaris after his safe journey from Britain. The name Boudiga is linked
to Boudicca, queen of the Iceni tribe who led a rebellion against the Romans in the
year 60.
- UCUETIS -
- A Celtic god who was the partner of the Celtic goddess Bergusia.
- UXELLINUS -
- See Jupiter Uxellinus.
- VACALLINEHAE -
- See Matronae Vacallinehae.
- VAGDAVERCUSTIS -
- A native goddess who is known from an inscription on an
altar from Cologne, Germany. She appears to be a Celto-Germanic mother goddess
who had a link with trees or woods.
- VELLAUNUS -
- A Celtic god known from only two inscriptions. In Wales he was
equated with the Celtic god Ocelos as Ocelos Vellaunus, and in a Gaulish
inscription he was equated with the Roman god Mercury.
- VERAUDINUS -
- A Celtic god who was the partner of the Celtic goddess Inciona. These
two deities were worshipped together as a divine couple, but are known only from
Widdenburg, Luxembourg. Possibly they were deities of that locality.
- VERBEIA -
- A Celtic goddess and personification of the Wharfe River, northern
England. An altar dedicated to this goddess is known from Ilkley, North Yorkshire,
and an image from the same place may represent the goddess. It depicts a woman
with an overlage head dressed in a pleated robe. In each hand she holds a
geometric zig zag, probably representing large snakes.
- VERCANA -
- A Celtic goddess who was associated with the springs at Bad Bertich,
Germany. They later became a spa, and so Vercana may have been a healing
goddess.
- VERNOSTONUS -
- A Celtic god who was the personification of the Alder tree (his
name means "alder tree." He is known from an inscription to Cocidius
Vernostonus found at Ebchester, near Hadrian's Wall, England.
- VINDONNUS -
- See Apollo Vindonnus.
- VINOTONUS -
- A Celtic god who is known from four inscriptions on altars, all found
near the Roman fort of Bowes, North Yorkshire, England. Two of the altars
identify him with the Roman deity Silvanus as Silvanus Vinotonus. The function
of this deity is unknown, some authorities have taken the name Vinotonus to be
connected with viticulture, while oters have thought the name to be a
personification of a local stream. Neither view is universally accepted.
- VIRADECTHIS -
- A Germanic goddess who is known from an inscription found at
Birrens, Scotland. The dedication was made by men of the "pagus Condrustis"
serving as soldiers of the garrison at Birrens. The Pagus Condrustis was an area of
the German Rhineland, and other dedications to Viradecthis have been found
there.
- VIRIDIOS -
- A Celtic god who is known from an inscription found at Ancaster,
England. Viridios may mean "virile" or "manly."
- VIROTUTIS -
- See Apollo Virotutis.
- VISUCIA -
- A Celtic goddess who was the counterpart of the Celtic god Visucius. She is
known from a dedication to the divine couple Mars Visucius and Visucia from
Gaul, and to the divine couple of Mercury Visucius and Visucia from Germany.
- VISUCIUS -
- A Celtic god who was worshipped in the frontier areas of Gaul and
Germany. His counterpart was the Celtic goddess Visucia. He was usually equated
with the Roman god Mercury, but a dedication equating him with Mars was found
in Gaul.
- VITIRIS -
- A Celtic deity also called Hvitiris, Vetus, Vitris, Veteris, Hvitris, Vheteris,
Fitires and Veteres. He was a popular deity in the area of Hadrian's Wall, among
the lower ranks of the army in the third century. At least one female devotee
dedicated an inscription to him. There was a cult center of this god at Carvoran,
Hadrians wall. Fifty-four inscriptions of dedicated to Vitiris are known. One
inscription links Viriris with the Celtic deity Mogons, and some of the altars
dedicated to him are decorated with a serpent and a boar. Little is known of the
deities function, but he was not linked to any Classical deity.
- VOROCIUS -
- See Mars Vorocius.
- VOSEGUS -
- The Celtic god of the Vosges mountains in eastern Gaul. Vosegus
personified the spirit of the mountains and was probably also a god of hunting and
the protector of the inhabitants of the Vosges forest. Images of a local nature god
may represent Vosegus. He is portrayed wearing a wolf skin over his shoulders and
with his hand on a stag, and he carries a spear, hunting knife, chopper and an open
bag containing fruits of the forest such as acorns, nutsa, and a pine cone. Other
portrayals of the god show him in a heavy Gallic cloak carrying a piglet under one
arm.
- XULSIGIAE -
- Celtic deities who are known from a shrine in Trier, Germany, with one
of the precincts dedicated to Mars Lenus. They may have been a triad of fertility and
mother goddesses, associated with a sacred spring. A clay figure of a Genius
Cucullatus was also found at the shrine, these were often associated with mother
goddesses. Possibly an alternative spelling of Suliviae.
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